Best of 2024: After years of load-shedding, Eskom is suddenly keeping the lights on

After years of crippling blackouts, South Africa's state-owned utility Eskom has made significant strides in stabilizing its power grid. With reforms, delayed coal plant retirements, and a $14 billion debt relief plan, the country has experienced months without power outages. Eskom's recovery is boosting the economy, offering hope for growth, reduced unemployment, and a brighter future. However, experts caution that full recovery may take years, depending on continued support and infrastructure upgrades..Sign up for your early morning brew of the BizNews Insider to keep you up to speed with the content that matters. The newsletter will land in your inbox at 5:30am weekdays. Register here..The seventh BizNews Conference, BNC#7, is to be held in Hermanus from March 11 to 13, 2025. The 2025 BizNews Conference is designed to provide an excellent opportunity for members of the BizNews community to interact directly with the keynote speakers, old (and new) friends from previous BNC events – and to interact with members of the BizNews team. Register for BNC#7 here..How world sees SA: After years of blackouts, South Africa is suddenly keeping the lights on.Eskom, South Africa's state-owned utility, has recently achieved stability after years of debilitating blackouts. Through a combination of reforms, delayed coal plant retirements, and a $14 billion debt relief plan, Eskom's reliability has improved..By Paul Burkhardt___STEADY_PAYWALL___.Aslina Wines, an independent winemaker located among the rolling vineyards of Stellenbosch, counts a large generator among its most valuable inventory. It relied on the machine to stay up and running during the worst of South Africa's power cuts, which affected the country 332 days last year. The vintner was lucky. As the blackouts grew increasingly severe, suppliers without generators "took a hard knock," said Bradwin Persent, Aslina's operations and logistics coordinator, as did many of the country's struggling small businesses. .Then, in March, the outages suddenly stopped. Even as the southern hemisphere descended into winter, when electric heaters and early sunsets drive up demand, Eskom, the troubled state-owned utility that generates most of South Africa's energy, managed to keep the lights on..It's now been seven months and counting since the country's last blackout. Persent is pleased with the streak, but has no plans to get rid of the generator. "We're happy," he said, "but we're not relaxed.".For years, chronic power outages have hobbled South Africa. First implemented in 2008, they cost the economy up to 899 million rand ($52 million) per day, according to central bank estimates, and were a big reason why the ruling African National Congress lost its majority in elections last June. Attempts to fix the corruption-gutted utility have failed over the years — a sweeping privatization plan collapsed; an effort to add generation capacity dragged out and never fully materialized. And inside power stations, theft and sabotage became more audacious. .The turbine hall at Eskom's Lethabo coal-fired power station in Vereeniging. The state-owned utility decided to delay the retirement of three coal-fired power plants. Photographer: Waldo Swiegers/Bloomberg.Now, the situation appears to be stabilizing. The effects of recent and longstanding reforms have radically improved employee morale, according to experts, analysts and officials, which has made all the difference in helping Eskom get back on its feet. The decision to delay the retirement of three coal-fired power plants also played a big role..That move "brought confidence," said Malekutu Bizzah Motubatse, chairperson for the National Union of Mineworkers' Highveld region, where most of Eskom's coal plants are located. "Government has managed to listen to us.".Eskom's recovery started to draw attention in March, when week after week passed without blackouts. That happened to be when Dan Marokane took over as the company's new chief executive. He drew support from labor early on by calling to fix broken power stations and revamp the company's management structure — a break with previous leadership, whose focus had been on the transition from coal..At the same time, a $14 billion debt relief plan went into effect. Across the country, the proliferation of solar panels, a popular alternative to relying on Eskom, eased stress on the grid. Coal theft declined as the mineral's price fell. Power plants were given permission to send parts back to their original manufacturers for repairs, resulting in more reliable operations..Armed members of the Energy Safety Team, a unit that assists the South African Police Service in protecting electricity infrastructure, patrol the Manenberg township of Cape Town in September 2023. Photographer: Guillem Sartorio/Bloomberg.Efforts to clamp down on crime also paid off. While the government of former President Jacob Zuma plundered the utility's bank accounts, small-scale sabotage and theft grew rampant at power stations. Contractors were known to steal and resell parts multiple times, and thieves would replace entire truckloads of coal with rocks. Yet between April and August of this year, a joint effort between the police, national prosecutor's office, revenue service and a special investigating unit reduced crime by 28% compared to the same period a year prior..The efforts of law enforcement and the courts have produced "phenomenal" results, said Lumkile Mondi, an economist at the University of the Witwatersrand, who has written extensively on Eskom. .Fragile Recovery.It's been a long time since Eskom employees had reason for optimism. Not only was the company publicly villainized every time the lights went out, but workers were also expected to function under nearly impossible circumstances. Stations conducting major repairs had parts held up in convoluted processes, performance-related bonuses were suspended for years, and intimidation linked to corruption was common. .Ramokgopa, center right, during a visit to the Eskom's Lethabo power station. Photographer: Leon Sadiki/Bloomberg.During a tour of Eskom's power stations last year amid record power outages, Electricity Minister Kgosientsho Ramokgopa recognized that employees were simply not being valued. "Before you could get to the engineering questions you could see that there are issues of culture there, how people are beaten down and just essentially told they're incapable," he recalled during a briefing in Cape Town. .A group of German consultants brought in by the government to assess the situation came to the same conclusion. "The current crisis can only be overcome in the power plants," the vgbe energy e.V.-led report stated, describing stations manned by unmotivated workers and training programs that were forgotten or neglected..Read more: BizNews Briefing – Tourism; Tshwane; Eskom; Nuclear; Mining; Amazon's SA movie..With working conditions improved and the blackouts at least paused, South Africa's economy is projected to grow more than 1% this year, which could help reduce the country's 33.5% unemployment rate — among the worst globally. It could also help boost the coalition government that took power this summer after the African National Congress lost its majority..Analysts have had mixed reactions to the utility's recovery. Eskom's performance "has exceeded our expectations," Raine Adams, an analyst at fund manager Allan Gray, wrote in comments to Bloomberg. Chiedza Madzima, head of operational risk research for BMI-Fitch Solutions, described the company as "painting a bright picture for now." But, she caveated, the utility isn't expected to return to pre-pandemic production levels until 2027, and that's only if it gets robust support from Transnet, a state logistics firm struggling with its own financial and operational problems, and if it manages to lay 14,000 kilometers of transmission line, a prospect she described as "very improbable.".A Shoprite warehouse in Cape Town. Shoprite blamed chronic electricity shortages for holding back growth in its home market in the first half of 2023. Photographer: Guillem Sartorio/Bloomberg.Despite the challenges, Marokane, the new CEO, is looking beyond damage control and towards expansion. Eskom is currently searching for an executive to head its new clean energy division, and the utility anticipates bringing another 2,500 megawatts online by March, Marokane said, the equivalent of one small- to-medium-sized power station..Employees at sailmaker North Sails work using only natural light from skylights during a period of load-shedding in Cape Town in 2022. Photographer: Dwayne Senior/Bloomberg.In the best-case scenario, this could create a virtuous cycle. Yvonne Mhango, Bloomberg Economics' Africa economist, noted that an Eskom recovery would help boost the expansion of energy-intensive, job-creating sectors like manufacturing in South Africa..For now, employees are hopeful, said Motubatse, the union leader. Getting through winter without power cuts for the first time in five years was a triumph, he said, and one that underscored the importance of the coal stations. Stating his group's "full confidence" in Eskom's board and CEO, he stru.Read also:.Eskom declares unregistered solar systems illegal, imposes feesThe looming reality of a wealth tax in South AfricaHersov, Augoustatos: South Africa's bureaucratic bloat – we need a DOGE!.© 2024 Bloomberg L.P.

Best of 2024: After years of load-shedding, Eskom is suddenly keeping the lights on

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