Good investment research deserves the widest possible audience. The more we know and understand about the inner workings, the .better informed our decisions will be. The team at Cannon Asset Management has generously shared their latest research on the underlying events behind the JSE's top line increase of almost 18% last year. In his blog published below, CEO Geoff Blount comes to some logical conclusions – the place to be looking right now is in the areas that investors ignored last year. – AH . By Geoff Blount*.How do you tell your children that, in spite of an overall drop in earnings per share of 6.4% in 2013, share prices on the JSE rose on average by 17.8%? This strange situation, as shown below, masks a great underlying discrepancy in performance that took place last year..Explaining JSE prices and earnings 2013 to your children.The chart below teases out the divergence in returns and earnings growth between the JSE Top 40 shares and small cap stocks. Price Earnings (PE) ratios for large cap shares (the Top 40 that makes up 85% of the JSE) rose nearly 24%, despite their earnings falling 8% in 2013, implying that the market (i.e. investors) has made them much more expensive relative to their declining earnings base..Large and small cap earnings growth versus their change in PE for 2013.Source: Keith McLachlan, Smallcaps.co.za.But amazingly, small cap shares grew their earnings by 20% yet investors marked them down, pushing their PEs 2% lower. Small caps is the elephant in the room that investors seem to be missing..We have spoken in the past about the JSE's top performing stocks and we have updated this to the end of 2013, as shown in Chart 3. A staggering 11 percentage points of last year's 18% market rise was from Naspers, Richemont and SAB Miller. If you owned all other 157 companies that make up the index, your return was just 7%!.The 20 largest individual stock contributions to the JSE's return in 2013.Another interesting observation that we can make about the JSE in 2013 is that 60% of the shares underperformed the All Share Index. Within this group, the Cyclically Adjusted Price Earnings (CAPE) ratio fell marginally through the year from 15.9x to 15.3x (which represents reasonable value) yet the CAPE ratio for the 40% of share which underperformed the JSE, the average CAPE rose from an already expensive 19x to a very expensive 25x..JSE metrics of under- and outperforming segments.60% which underperformed the All Share Index40% which outperformed the All Share IndexCAPE ratioFrom 15.9x to 15.3xFrom 19x to 25xAverage price to book2.5x3.3xAverage Return on Equity (profits/balance sheet capital)13%16%.We can also see from Table 1 that the average price to book ratio for the outperforming stocks was 3.3x, significantly above the 2.5x of underperforming stocks. Although shares that outperformed the market last year do enjoy slightly higher ROEs (16% versus 13%), and should therefore have some valuation premium, we do not believe that they warrant a CAPE of 25x versus 15x..We can draw some conclusions from this. While the JSE in aggregate did well last year, this was driven by, in particular, a narrow band of expensive (but typically good quality) large cap industrials that got more expensive. These areas of the market represent investment risk, and investors should be cautious here. And while the sexy stocks grabbed all the headlines, the index rise masked many amazing opportunities that have been created elsewhere in the market, including smaller cap shares..This is not the time to sell out of South African equities. Just be very careful which of them you own..* Geoff Blount is the CEO of Cannon Asset Management
