Bridging the gap to electrification: Understanding the difference between hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles
Electrification is transforming the automotive industry, with battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrids (HEVs), and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) capturing the interest of eco-conscious drivers. While BEVs are widely understood, some remain unclear about the distinction between conventional hybrids and plug-in hybrids.
Hybrids have been part of the automotive landscape for years, and their benefits are well-documented. In contrast, PHEVs are a more recent innovation. They offer an attractive middle ground for those not ready to make the leap to fully electric vehicles. Several automakers, such as Volvo and Lexus, have introduced their own PHEV models, each with varying features designed to meet the needs of eco-conscious drivers looking for a bridge between traditional vehicles and fully electric cars.
"Plug-in hybrids represent a crucial stepping stone for those who aren’t ready to transition to full electrification but still want to reduce their environmental impact," said Felipe Yagi, Head of Marketing & Communications at Volvo Car South Africa.
PHEVs provide consumers with the convenience of traditional fuel, combined with the efficiency and reduced emissions of electric power, continued Yagi, noting that they are an ideal choice for the modern motorist. “At the same time, they help drivers become familiar with electric driving, paving the way for a seamless transition to fully electric vehicles in the future, which remains our ultimate goal.”
Before exploring the differences, it’s essential to understand the similarities. HEVs and PHEVs feature internal combustion engines (ICE) paired with a battery pack and an electric motor. This electrification enhances fuel efficiency, reduces CO2 emissions, and often delivers impressive performance.
In a hybrid, the electric motor is used to pull away, allowing the vehicle to build up speed without relying on the petrol or diesel-powered engine. However, once the car is up to speed, the ICE powertrain takes over. During the journey, the electric motor will take over at specific points (in traffic, for example) to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
Both HEVs and PHEVs utilise regenerative braking, which captures energy generated during forward momentum and stores it in the battery for later use. This system is particularly effective in city driving and stop-and-go traffic, where the electric motor and battery can propel the vehicle with minimal assistance from the engine. As a result, hybrids and PHEVs deliver impressive fuel economy, making them an efficient choice for urban environments. Unlike a PHEV or EV, a hybrid cannot be plugged in and relies on regenerative braking and the combustion engine to charge the battery.
A PHEV offers a step beyond what a conventional hybrid can achieve. Consider the Volvo XC60 T8 Recharge, which combines a turbocharged 2.0-litre four-cylinder petrol engine with a rear-axle-mounted electric motor and a 19-kWh battery.
Unlike standard hybrids, PHEVs can travel significantly further on electric power alone. For example, the XC60 Recharge boasts an impressive all-electric range of up to 81 km. Once the battery is depleted, the combustion engine seamlessly takes over, even recharging the battery when necessary. Much like a fully electric vehicle, a PHEV can be charged via a standard outlet, offering the versatility of both technologies in one vehicle.
This dual capability results in substantially lower fuel consumption, with the luxury SUV achieving an impressive 1.6 L/100 km on the combined cycle. Additionally, CO2 emissions are drastically reduced to just 37 g/km. For many, the XC60 Recharge can function as a pure electric vehicle for daily commutes; those travelling 20-40 km can simply charge overnight and leave with a full battery in the morning. A full charge is estimated to take just three hours.
Regular charging is essential to maximise the benefits of a PHEV. By plugging in frequently, drivers can unlock the full potential of these innovative part-time electric vehicles.
"With vehicles like the XC60 Recharge, drivers can experience the benefits of electric mobility without range anxiety," concluded Yagi. "PHEVs empower motorists to make meaningful strides toward sustainability while still accommodating the diverse needs of daily commutes and long-distance travel."
What about mild hybrids?
Consumers exploring electrified vehicles may encounter mild hybrids (MHEVs), which introduce some level of electrification. However, unlike hybrids and PHEVs, MHEVs cannot operate solely on electric power. Instead, a small battery supports the combustion engine, improving its efficiency. While not as fuel-efficient as hybrids or PHEVs, mild hybrids offer notable advantages over traditional petrol and diesel vehicles.
Volvo has embraced MHEV technology across a range of models, including the XC40, XC60, and XC90, integrating it into their SUV lineup to enhanced fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. With Volvo’s commitment to sustainability and carbon reduction, MHEVs serve as another important step toward the company’s broader goal of fully electrifying its lineup. By integrating mild hybrid technology, Volvo is providing consumers with a more eco-friendly option while still maintaining the performance and luxury they expect from the Swedish marque.