In many of the countries that are experiencing high numbers of Covid-19 which includes the United States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain, health care workers who are in the front line of the fight against the pandemic have come down with Covid-19 and a number have succumbed to the disease. In the UK there was a stage when a quarter of doctors and nurses were quarantined because they had symptoms of the coronavirus. In a time that it is more important than ever to keep health care workers safe, Tygerberg Hospital in the Western Cape has come up with a unique solution by employing a robot named Quintin to do some of the rounds. â Linda van Tilburg
By Sue Segar*
If any of the specialists at Tygerberg Hospital gets infected with Covid-19 and is unable to physically go to work, they will be able to function remotely with the aid of a ârobotâ.
Coenie Koegelenberg, Professor of Pulmonology at Stellenbosch Universityâs Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), started experimenting with options to perform virtual ward rounds in the intensive care unit of Tygerberg Hospital shortly before South Africaâs lockdown. He is now assured that ICU specialists can, indeed, run ward rounds remotely, using robots as tireless helpers that canât get infected.
Currently, Tygerberg Hospital has a limited number of specialists in its general medical ICU.
âBetween the specialists, we will share the workload of Covid-19 patients who end up in ICU. The odds of at least one or all of us falling ill are quite high, so we need to realistically plan for what could happen.
âIf any of the specialists gets the virus and is unable to physically go to work, we will be able to function remotely using the robot, from a phone or a laptop,â said Koegelenberg.
âUsing this device will enable us to provide a service if our skills sets are in short supply.â
The idea of using robots came about through âa combination of thoughts of many people,â Koegelenberg said. âWe started wondering how we could help more people if we ourselves were to fall ill.â
His wife Dr Suretha Kannenberg, a dermatologist, had told him about this device.
âOn Wednesday 18 March, on my way home after many meetings, I wondered whether âvirtualâ ward rounds in many ICUs could be feasible. I phoned my wife and shared my thoughts. I had thought of using a fancy ânanny camâ she bought a few years ago.
âShe suggested using the Sunskill laboratoryâs Double Robotic ârobotâ instead. [Sunskill is a state of the art clinical training facility at the FMHS]. I was not familiar with this device. The next day I met with Professor Ian Vlok from the FMHSâ Division of Neurosurgery and the Sunskill facilities manager, Bronwyn Stockenstrom who gave me a âcrash courseâ on how to use the Double Robotic ârobotâ. The Sunskill lab without any hesitation agreed to have the robots be used in the ICU until the pandemic is over.
âOn Friday Dr Usha Lalla (Tygerberg Hospitalâs head of ICU) and I tested the device. We performed a full ICU ward round without entering the ICU. It was truly an eye opener and a potential game changer in this and future similar pandemics. It was a remarkable success! We both concluded (with more than 30 years of combined experience in ICU) that our physical presence was not required, and that the technology has great potential to be rolled out. This is, of course, anecdotal and not âtrue evidenceâ, but desperate times calls for desperate measures. Moreover, should one of us be under âself-quarantineâ, we would be able to âwork from homeâ.â
The ârobotâ that looks like a computer tablet and has two wheels, uses gyroscope and accelerometer sensors in its base and can be controlled with a desktop, tablet or smartphone. It enables communication between patient and doctor through a microphone and a zoom function and can relay vital signs of highly infectious patients.
Robots have also been used in Italy, where the pandemic has claimed many lives, including those of doctors.
The use of the robot at Tygerberg Hospital is yet another example of how the pandemic has brought ingenuity and collaboration to the fore.
âThis has been a team effort â and such a bonding experience,â said Koegelenberg.
Vlok, who oversees activity at the Sunskill lab, said: âThe Sunskill clinical training facility uses world class technology to further the skills training of our postgraduate students at Stellenbosch University. The robots have given us access to international and national experts in their fields for training with their virtual presence guiding the teaching and training. Now the same technology can allow us to carefully navigate and manage patients in a high-risk environment and reduce risk to our staff. I sincerely hope this initiative will not only have a positive effect during this pandemic but open the door for further innovation and collaboration.â
- Sue Segar is freelance writer for Stellenbosch University.